Unit 7:
ECONOMIC REFORMS
READING
❖ Before You Read
Work in pairs. Ask and answer
the following questions. (Làm việc từng
đôi. Hỏi và trả lời những câu hỏi sau.)
1. What can you see in the picture?
2. Do you think that the people in this picture lead a rich or
a poor life?
3. What, in your opinion, should be done to improve the
situation?
Answer
1 .The picture shows us people's life is very rustic. The
living standard is very low. People live in thatched-roof houses with earthen
walls. And there is no modern means of transport. In fact, there is no sign of
modernity.
2. The people in this picture lead a very simple and poor
life.
3. In my opinion, people should carry out economic reforms.
They should change their old and obsolete way of living and working. it means
they should change their way of thinking. In a word, people should re-structure
their economy.
❖ While You Read
Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. (Đọc đoạn văn
và làm bài tập kèm theo.)
Một trong những biện pháp quan trọng phải thực hiện để đẩy
mạnh việc phát triển đất nước là kiên trì thực hiện những cuộc đổi mới kinh tế.
Ý thức được điều này, tháng 12 -1986, ở Đại Hội toàn quốc lần thứ 6, Đảng Cộng
sản Việt Nam đã đề xướng cuộc đổi mới kinh tế toàn điện được biết thông thưởng
là "Đổi Mới”. Mục tiêu của “Đổi Mới” là tái cấu trúc nền kinh tế Việt Nam
và nâng cao mức sống nhân dân.
Trước “Đổi Mới“, đất nước chúng ta trải qua nhiều khó khăn,
nền kinh tế kém phát triển và bị kìềm chế hởi nền nông nghiệp cổ truyền: đất
nước nghèo, nhân dân sống cuộc đời nghèo khó. Sản xuất trì trệ; thiếu trường
học và bệnh viện và nạn lạm phát được nhìn thấy ở mọi thành phần kinh tế. Để
giải quyết những khó khăn này, chính phủ của chúng ta giới thiệu nhiều biện,
pháp đổi mới: họ xóa bỏ bao cấp của chính phủ, họ chuyển ưu tiên kinh tế từ
công nghiệp nặng sang ba chương trình kinh tế trọng yếu, ấy là sản xuất lương
thực, sản xuất hàng tiêu thụ và sàn xuất xuất khẩu; họ giảm sự can thiệp của
nhà nước vào kinh doanh; họ mở rộng quan hệ mậu dịch với tất cả quốc gia trên
thế giới và cổ vũ đầu tư tư nhân trong và ngoài nước.
Những Đại Hội kế tiếp của Đảng Cộng Sản Việt Nam được tổ chức
vào những năm 1991,1996,và 2001 tiếp tục tái xác nhận những cam kết đối với Đổi
Mới, và yêu cầu nhiều đổi mới về kinh tế và hành chính. Theo nguyên tắc chỉ đạo
của Đảng, chính phủ chấp nhận và thực hiện Luật Đất đai năm 1993 và Luật Doanh
nghiệp năm 2000. Những luật này đặt cơ sở pháp lí cho việc giải thể những hợp
tác xã không hiệu quả, mở rộng cơ hội cho nông dân và khuyến khích việc đầu tư
tư nhân trong lẫn ngoài nước.
Từ khi Đổi Mới, đất nước chúng ta đã trải qua nhiều thay đổi
đáng kể: năng suất và xuất khẩu nông nghiệp không ngừng phát triển, nông dân
hưởng được quyền sử dụng đất đai và có sự chọn lựa nhiều hơn về sử dụng đất
canh tác của mình, công nhân làm việc cần cù hơn vì thời gian của họ là liền,
và con cái họ, nhất là con cái của các dân tộc thiểu số, có nhiều cơ hội hơn để
hưởng lợi ích của giáo dục và đào tạo.
Chúng ta tin rằng với sự cam kết chắc chắn của Đảng và Nhà
nước về Đổi Mới, chúng ta sẽ đạt được những thành tựu lớn lao hơn nữa và xây
dựng cuộc sống hạnh phúc hơn cho nhân dân.
Task 1: Give the Vietnamese equivalents to the following words and phrases.
(Cho nghĩa tiếng Việt tương đương cho những từ và cụm từ sau.)
- National Congress : Đại Hội Quốc Gia/Toàn
Quốc
- renovation : đổi mới, cách tân
;
- inflation : lạm phát
- government commitment: cam kết của chính
phủ
- under-developeđ : kém phát triển
;
- dominate : chi phối, thống trị
- stagnant : trì trệ
- government subsidies : bao cấp của chính phủ
- dissolve : tan rã
-
substantial : lớn lao, đáng kế
Task 2: Decide whether the statements are irue (T) or false (F). (Quyết định
những câu nói này đúng (T) hay sai (F).)
1. Economic reform is the most important measure to be taken to
promote the development of a country.
2. Doi Moi was initiated by the Vietnamese Government in
1986.
3. Before Doi Moi, inflation was present in all branches of
the national economy.
4. To make Doi Moi to be successful, the Government shifted
only economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic programmes.
5. The Land Law and the Enterprises Law have encouraged both
domestic and foreign private investment
1.F 2. F 3.T
4. F 5. T
Task 3: Answer the following questions. (Trả lời những câu hỏi sau )
1. When and by whom was Doi Moi officially initiated?
2. What was the aim of Doi Moi?
3. Name the renovation measures the Government introduced to
implement Doi Moi.
4. How has Vietnam changed since Doi Moi?
5. What do we believe?
Answer
1. It was officially initiated in 1986 by our Vietnamese
Communist Party.
2. Its aim was to re-structure the national economy and to
raise the living standard of the people.
3. The measures the Government introduced to implement Doi Moi
were:
- eliminating the government subsidies;
- shifting economic priority from heavy industry to three
major economic programs: production of food, production of consumer goods and
production of exports;
- reducing state intervention in business;
- opening trade relations with all countries
in the world;
- encouraging foreign and domestic private
investment.
4. Since Doi Moi. Vietnam has gained substantial changes.
- productivity and agricultural exports have
constantly increased;
- farmers have enjoyed land use rights and (have) had
greater choice on how to use their agricultural land;
- workers have worked harder;
- children, particularly those from ethnic minorities,
have had more opportunities to enjoy education and training.
5. We believe that with the strong commitment of the Party and
Government to Doi Moi, we will gain greater achievements and build a better
life for or people.
❖ After You Read
Scan the passage and make brief notes of the following points. (Đọc lướt
bài đọc và ghi chú ngắn những điểm sau)
·
Vietnam since
Doi Moi
·
The
Government’s renovation measures
·
Vietnam before
Doi Moi
* Vietnam before Doi Moi
a. The economy was under-developed and dominated by
traditional agriculture;
1. Both the country and the people were poor:
2. The production was stagnant;
3. Shortage of schools and hospitals;
4. Inflation.
* The Government’s renovation measures
1. Eliminating government subsidies;
2. Opening trade relations with all countries in the world:
3. Shifting economic priority from heavy industry to three major economic
programs : production of food, production of consumer goods and production of
exports:
4. Reducing the stale’s intervention in business:
5. Encouraging foreign and domestic private investment.
* Vietnam since Doi Moi
1. Productivity and agricultural exports have increased:
2. Farmers have enjoyed land use rights, had greater choice to use their
agricultural land:
3. Workers have worked harder, and got easy life.
4. And children, particularly those from ethnic minorities, have had more
opportunities to enjoy education and training.
SPEAKING
Task 1. Study the pictures and answer the following questions. (Nghiên cứu
các hình và trả lời các câu hỏi sau.)
We have two pairs of pictures.
a. The pair of upper pictures tells us about education : two
different schools.
- the one before Doi Moi: small and low thatched-roof houses,
no playground.
- and the one after Doi Moi: tall buildings with a large
playground
b. The pair of lower pictures tells about industry or
production: two factories.
- The left picture : the one before Doi Moi shows ihe machines
were old and bulky and there were a lot of workers. Much work was done by hand.
- The right picture : the one after Doi Moi refers to a modern
factory with modem machines and few workers because all products are made by
assembly-line.
Task 2. The country of Fantasia started its overall reforms in the early
1970s. The reform has brought about positive effects in many sectors of the
economy, particularly in education, health care and agriculture. (Quốc gia
Fantasia đã bắt đầu cuộc cải cách toàn diện vào đầu thập niên 1970. Cuộc cải
cách đem lại nhiều chuyển biến (hiệu quả) tích cực trong nhiều thành phần kinh
tế, đặc biệt trong giáo dục, chăm sóc sức khoẻ và nông nghiệp.)
Work in groups. Suggest what the Government and the people of
Fantasia have done to improve their economy in these sectors. Use the cues
below. (Làm việc từng nhóm. Đề nghị những gì chính phù và nhân dân Fantasia đã
làm để cải tiến nền kinh tế của họ trong những lãnh vực này. Dùng những ý đề
nghị dưới đây.)
Education:
·
Curriculum
and textbooks
·
more schools
·
teaching and
learning methods
|
·
more
equipment and facilities
·
teachers’
salaries
·
more
scholarships for poor or disadvantaged students
|
Health care:
·
more
hospitals·
·
more highly
qualified doctors
·
more medical
equipment and facilities
|
·
doctors’ and
nurses’ salaries
·
sensitivity
of doctors and nurses to their professional responsibilities
·
health
insurance
|
Agriculture:
·
appropriate
policies to encourage farmers to work more efficiently
·
new and
advanced farming techniques
·
fertilisers,
pesticides, insecticides
|
·
more dykes
and dams, irrigation and drainage systems
·
more advanced
fanning facilities and equipment
|
A. As we have seen, Fantasia has gained a lot of positive effects in
its overall reforms since the early 1970.
B. Sure, particulary in education, health care and
agriculture.
C. Well. Frist, what measure did it take to improve its
education?
D. I think they certainly reformed the overall education system,
from the curriculum, textbooks to methods of teaching and learning.
A. And the necessary facilities in education such as schools,
teaching aids, etc ...
B. Oh, a more important factor is teachers’ salary: a
noticeable pay raise.
C. What about health care? What have they done?
D. First they have built a lot of modem hospitals and moderrnized
the old ones with modern equipment or facilities.
A. And the more important thing in the category is they have
more highly qualified doctors and nurses.
B. And the sense of responsibility and moral conscience of doctors
and nurses is always improved or encouraged
C. In addition, they introduced health insurance policy to
help the poor.
A. I sec there are a lot of progress and improvements in
agriculture, too.
B. Sure. The government has certainly carried out many
renovations in farming techniques as well as introduceđ appropriate policies to
encourage fanners to produce.
Task 3: Report to the class on the measures the Government and the people of
Fantasia have taken to develop their country in education, health care and
agriculture. (Tường thuật trước lớp về những biện pháp Chính phủ và nhân dân
Fantasia đã áp dụng để phát triển đất nước của họ trong giáo dục, chăm sóc sức
khoẻ và nông nhiệp.)
The Government and the people of Fantasia have taken the important
measures to develop their country.
First, in education, the government have renovated the
curriculum, textbooks and teaching and learning methods. At the same trime,
they’ve replaced old and obsolete teaching aids, equipment and facilities. The
most important thing seen in education is raising teachers’ teaching skills and
the pay raise.
In health care, many hospitals have been built or modernized.
Doctors and nurses are highly qualified. A remarkable reform is the inưoducing
of health insurance policy to people, which has helped the poor to enjoy die
progress of medicine.
In agriculture, the Government has carried out appropriate
policies to encourage farmers to produce more effectively. They’ve obviously
introduced new and modern farming techniques and equipment as well as advanced
fanning facilities and fertilizers. They've also built dams and irrigation and
drainage systems to help increase the outputs.
LISTENING
❖Before You
Listen
Work in pairs. Discuss the question: “Do you think drug-taking
should be banned? Why/ Why not ? (Làm việc từng đôi. Thảo luận câu hỏi:
"Em nghĩ việc sử dụng ma túy phải được cấm không? Tại sao cấm? Tại sao
không?)
A. What do you think about drug-taking?
B. Drug-taking? A serious issue worth being banned.
A. Why do you say so?
B. I think you're joking. Drue-taking is, at present, a very
dangerous matter interesting everyone in the world.
A. Is it that serious? People in some parts in the world such
as Columbia. Afghanistan, Myanmar becomc rich or very rich by trading drug.
B. But don’t you know most people on this planet have been
fighting against drug-taking or outlawing trading drug? Personally, people
should get rid of drug- taking and impose very heavy sentence on anyone that
uses or trades drug.
A. Why?
B. Because drug-taking brings about very bad effects on not
only ihe pcrsom himself / herself but also the whole society and family. Anyone
that uses or gets addicted to drug becomes lazy and loses all of his / her
awareness of responsibility. A. And they neglect to work. To make it much
worse, drug-takur's health gets worse and worse until the day his / her life
comes to an end.
B. And it also influences on the country's economy and
security.
A. So, in sum, we should definitely make
drue-taking illegal and impose a prison sentence or, if possible, put to death
those who trade or use drug.
B. I think it's the best solution.
❖ While You Listen
You will hear Dr. Brown, a world population expert, talk about
the world population. Liten to the interview and do the tasks that follow. (Em
sẽ nghe tiến sĩ Brown, chuyên viên dân số thế giới nói về dân sỗ thế giới. Nghe
cuộc đối thoại và làm bài tập kèm theo.)
Task 1: Listen to the passage about the inhabitants of Tango Island and
decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F). [Nghe đoạn văn về cư
dân ở đảo Tango và quyết định những câu nói đúng (T) hay sai (F).)
1. Tango Island is in the South Atlantic.
2. They found a drug.
3. The drug made it difficult for the people to think in a
reasonable way.
4. The whole population stopped working because of the drug.
5. The Prime Minister warned the people many times on the
radio about the drug.
6. The islanders took the Prime Minister's advice.
7. The Government introduced laws to make the drus illegal.
8. The Law couldn’t have any effect.
9. The Government exported the drug to another country
1.
F 2.
F
3. T 4.
T 5. F
6. F
7. T
8.T
9.
F
❖ Tapescript
The inhabitants of Tango, a small island in the Atlantic
Ocean, discovered a plant which contained a powerful drug. They grew the plant
all over thr island and they look the drug every day. This made it more
difficult for them to think rationally - it stopped them worrying about the
future and enabled them to forget all their problems. At the same time, it made
it much easier for them lo relax and enjoy themselves. And beeause of the drug,
the whole populaton of the island slopped working and spent all their time
singing and dancing and looking at the sea.
Unfortunately this had very bad eflects on the country’s
economy, The workers and farmers became lazy, the children did no want to go to
school and the whole population began to run short of food. This, however, did
not discourse people from taking the drug. The Prime Minister made speeches on
the TV warning them about the drug, but nobody look any notice, and before long
the economy of the country was in ruins. This forced the Government to take
measures. They introduced a law to make the drug illegal. But that only made
the situation worse. The law couldn’t prevent the people from taking drug. On
the contrary, the fact that the drug was illegal encouraged people to lake it
more. They put the drug-takers into prison. But this did not have any effect,
there were not enough prisons for them. Eventuslly, the Government found a
solution: they exporled the drug to other countries. This saved the islanders
from having to work more than one day a week, and allowed them to spend the
rest of their time sitting in the sun without any care in the world.
Task 2: Listen again and answer lhe questions. (Nghe lại và trả lời câu câu
hỏi.)
1. What did the people of Tango discover?
2. What did they do with the plant?
3. What negative effects did the drug bring about?
4. How many measures did the Government take and what were
they?
5. What did the Government of Tanso decide to do eventually?
Answer
1. They discovered a plant which contained a powerful drug.
2. They grew it all over the island.
3. The negative effects the drug brought about wore :
- the workers and farmers became lazy.
- children did not want to go to school,
- and the whole population began to run
short of food.
4. They took three measures: a.
introducins a law to make it illegal,
b. putting the drua-takers inio prisons,
c. exporting drug to other countries.
5. Eventually the government decided to export the drug to
other countries.
❖ After You Listen
Work in groups. Discuss the question: "Do you think that
the decision of the Government of Tango to export the drug to other countries
was a better solution Why/ Why not?" (Làm việc từng nhóm. Thảo luận câu
hỏi: "Em có nghĩ rằng quyết định của Chính phù Tango xuất khẩu ma túy sang
những nước khác là giải pháp tốt hơn không” Tại sao tốt / Tại sao không ?”)
A. Do you think the decision of the Government of Tango to
export drug to other countries was a better solution?
B. I don't think it’s a better solution.
C. I do have the same idea.
D. Why do you have that opinion? Trading drug is commonly
considered the fastest way to make a bit: fortune. And if the people in a
country became rich, their country will get powerful.
A. But it also brings about very bad effects, on the contrary.
The Government cannot prevent their people from taking drug.
B. And as a result of it, most of their people get addicted to
it.
C. And what makes it much worse is exporting drug also brines
the same very bad effects to other countries’ population as to Tango islanders
: disastrous effects of the drug addict: people’s health and the economy of the
country are in ruins.
D. By reason of this, it’s very inhuman to export drug to any
other country.
A. All governments should make drug exporting illegal.
WRITING
Task 1 : Answer the following questions. (Trả lời những câu hỏi sau.)
1. What was the economic situation in Tango before 1980?
2. What can you say about the economic situation in Tango from
1980 to 2000?
3. What do you think the Government and the people of Tango
have done to achieve these results?
Answer:
1. It was completely under-developed and stagnant. All aspects
of the economy was in ruins.
2. It is said that the economic situation in Tango has
increasing steadily in every aspect, specially in export, from zero percent in
1980 mounting to 5.3 percent in 2000.
3. It was certain that the Government and Tango's people
carried out economic reforms radically.
Task 2: Based on the information given in the table, write a report of 150
words on the economic development of Tango. Your report should include details
such as.
(i). the economic situation of Tango before 1980
(ii). the measures taken by the Government and the people of
Tango to overcome the problems
(iii). the achievements (as presented in the table) they have
made as a result of the reform
(Dựa vào thông tin được cho ở bả,. viết một bài tường thuật
150 từ về sự phát triển kinh tế của Tango, bản tườngthuật của em phải bao gồm
những chi tiết như sau:
(i) tình hình kinh tế Tango trước 1980.
(ii). những hiện pháp được chính phủ và nhân dân Tango thực
hiện để vượt qua những; khó khăn,
(iii). những thành tựu (như được trình bày ở bản) họ đã đạt
được như là kết quả của đổi mới.)
Before 1980, it is said the economy of Tango had been in ruins
in most areas. Especially people can see no activities of export in the
country.In face of this underdeveloped situation, the Tango Government
initiated an overall economic reform policies in the country. In agriculture,
ihey iniroduced new and advanced farming techniques, facilities and equipment
as well as new seeds, fertilizers and pesticides.
In fishery, they improved the new advanced methods of fishing
and aquaculture {nuôi trồng thủy sản). At the same time, they promoted the
export of seafoods.
In forestry, the government encouraged people to plant more forests
and woods and conserve them as well.
In industry, they shifted economic priority from heavy indusưy
lo economy of production and processing. And to speed this up and promote the
export potentials, they opened trade relations with many other countries
By using these measures, the Government and the people of Tango
gained great achievements in many areas of their economy. And their economy has
steadily incresased since then,
LANGUAGE FOCUS
- Pronunciaton : Strong and weak forms of
auxiliaries
- Grammar: Adverbial clauses of concession:
although/even though/though (revision)
❖ Grammar
Exercise 1: Com bine the sentences with although,
even though. (Kết hợp câu với although/ even though.)
1. It rained a lot. We enjoyed our vacation.
2. We had planned everything carefully. A lot of things went
wrong.
3. The doctor has advised him to quit. Bob smokes 20
cigarettes a day.
4. It was cold and rainy. We managed to go to class in time.
5. Luong has studied English only for six months. He can speak
English very well.
6. I didn’t go to bed early. I was really sleepy.
1. Although it rained a lot, we
enjoyed our vacation.
2. Although we had planned
everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong.
3. Although the doctor has
advised him to quit. Bob smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
4. Although it was cold and
rainy, we managed to go to class on time.
5. Even though Luong has studied
English only for six months, he can speak English
very well.
6. Although I was really sleepy,
I didn't go to bed early.
Exercise 2: Complete
the sentences, using although + a clause from the box. (Hoàn chỉnh câu, dùng
although với mệnh đê trong khung.)
1. …………………………, I couldn’t sleep.
2. …………………………..,I recognized her from the distance.
3. She wasn’t wearing a coat………………………………...
4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party………………..
5……………………………, I managed to make myself understood.
6……………………………, the room wasn’t very warm.
7. I didn’t recognize her……………………………………
8. We’re not very good friends……………………………
1. Although I was very
tired,………….
2. Although I had never seen her
before,.............
3. ... although it was rather
cold.
4. ... although we don’t like
them very much.
5. Although I didn’t speak
the laguage....
6. Although the heat was on....
7. ... although I had met her
twice before.
8. ... although we have known
each other for a long time.
Exercise 3: Use your
own ideas to complete the following sentences. (.Dùng ý riêng của em hoàn chỉnh
những câu sau.)
1. Although we had packed our bags the night
before,…………………
2. They didn’t eat anything although……………………………
3.Although Luong hadn’t studied English before………………………
4. ……………………., he failed the exam
5. Although summer has come …………………………….
1. we couldn’t leave on time due
to the thick fog.
2. they were hungry.
3. he spoke it pretty well.
4. Although he had studied vary
hard,
5. it's still a bit cold.